masalah 1pilihanWhat is the primary focus of management accounting?External financial reportingMaximizing tax benefitsEnhancing customer and shareholder value
masalah 2pilihanIn IFAC's evolution model, which stage focuses on cost determination and financial control?Stage 1Stage 3Stage 5
masalah 3pilihanWhich technique is associated with Stage 2 (1950–1965) of the IFAC model?BenchmarkingResponsibility accountingBalanced scorecard
masalah 4pilihan What was a key driver of Stage 3 in the IFAC model?Rise of e-commerceIncreased global competitionFinancial accounting regulations
masalah 5pilihanWhat does the "Relevance Lost" concept by Johnson & Kaplan highlight?Improved data accuracyThe rise of modern accounting systemsThe outdated nature of traditional management accounting
masalah 6pilihanWhat is one major criticism mentioned in "Relevance Lost"?Too much focus on innovationManagement accounting was too forward-lookingReports were historical and not timely
masalah 7pilihanAccording to "Relevance Regained," what must management accounting do to stay relevant?Focus only on cost-cuttingAdapt to environmental changesEliminate budgeting
masalah 8pilihanContemporary management accounting includes which of the following features?Inward-looking focusOnly financial data usedUse of both financial and non-financial data
masalah 9pilihanWhich of the following is a contemporary technique?Product costingVariance analysisBalanced scorecard
masalah 10pilihanOne role of management accounting in the new business environment is to:Only manage payrollSupport strategy formulation and implementationFocus solely on profit reporting
masalah 11pilihanWhat soft skill is important for management accountants?Manual calculation skillsStrong verbal and written communicationLegal drafting expertise
masalah 12pilihanStrategic planning in management accounting involves:Short-term budgetingLong-term goal alignment with dataTax estimation
masalah 13pilihanTraditional management accounting focuses on:External innovationStrategic issuesShort-term operational matters
masalah 14pilihanA key change in the business environment affecting management accounting is:Decrease in digital toolsRise of global competitionRejection of strategic partnerships
masalah 15pilihanHow does globalization negatively impact management accounting?Enhances data accuracySimplifies complianceIncreases regulatory complexity