# 1pilihanWhat is the primary focus of management accounting?External financial reportingMaximizing tax benefitsEnhancing customer and shareholder value
# 2pilihanIn IFAC's evolution model, which stage focuses on cost determination and financial control?Stage 1Stage 3Stage 5
# 3pilihanWhich technique is associated with Stage 2 (1950–1965) of the IFAC model?BenchmarkingResponsibility accountingBalanced scorecard
# 4pilihan What was a key driver of Stage 3 in the IFAC model?Rise of e-commerceIncreased global competitionFinancial accounting regulations
# 5pilihanWhat does the "Relevance Lost" concept by Johnson & Kaplan highlight?Improved data accuracyThe rise of modern accounting systemsThe outdated nature of traditional management accounting
# 6pilihanWhat is one major criticism mentioned in "Relevance Lost"?Too much focus on innovationManagement accounting was too forward-lookingReports were historical and not timely
# 7pilihanAccording to "Relevance Regained," what must management accounting do to stay relevant?Focus only on cost-cuttingAdapt to environmental changesEliminate budgeting
# 8pilihanContemporary management accounting includes which of the following features?Inward-looking focusOnly financial data usedUse of both financial and non-financial data
# 9pilihanWhich of the following is a contemporary technique?Product costingVariance analysisBalanced scorecard
# 10pilihanOne role of management accounting in the new business environment is to:Only manage payrollSupport strategy formulation and implementationFocus solely on profit reporting
# 11pilihanWhat soft skill is important for management accountants?Manual calculation skillsStrong verbal and written communicationLegal drafting expertise
# 12pilihanStrategic planning in management accounting involves:Short-term budgetingLong-term goal alignment with dataTax estimation
# 13pilihanTraditional management accounting focuses on:External innovationStrategic issuesShort-term operational matters
# 14pilihanA key change in the business environment affecting management accounting is:Decrease in digital toolsRise of global competitionRejection of strategic partnerships
# 15pilihanHow does globalization negatively impact management accounting?Enhances data accuracySimplifies complianceIncreases regulatory complexity