In which condition can oxyhaemoglobin easily dissociate?

• Low pH
• Low carbon dioxide concentration
• Low hydrogen ion concentration
• High concentration content

Which factor most significantly increases the breathing rate in mammals?

• Reduction of oxygen concentration in the blood
• Increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
• Reduction of oxygen in the alveolus
• Increase of carbon dioxide in the alveolus

Which process in the erythrocytes is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase?

• Formation of haemoglobinic acids
• Formation of carbonic acid from water and CO2
• Formation of carbaminohaemoglobin
• Formation of oxyhaemoglobin

What is the definition of the cardiac cycle?

• The contraction of the atria
• The sequence of events during one heartbeat
• The contraction and relaxation of the ventricles
• The circulation of blood in the heart during one heartbeat

Which statement about atrial systole is incorrect?

• Atrial pressure is higher than ventricular pressure
• The atria contract
• Atrioventricular valves open
• Atrioventricular valves close

Where can water not pass via the apoplast pathway in plant roots?

• Pericycle
• Vascular tissue
• Endodermis
• Cortex

What does the P wave in an ECG represent?

• Ventricular depolarization
• Atrial depolarization
• Atrial repolarization
• Ventricular repolarization

Which part of a plant functions as a source during translocation?

• Meristematic tissue in the shoot
• Leaves
• Roots
• Fruits and flowers

What causes the second 'dub' sound in the heart?

• Closed atrioventricular valves
• Open atrioventricular valves
• Closed semilunar valves
• Open semilunar valves

What is an organ called that corrects a deviation from homeostasis?

• Receptor
• Control center
• Effector
• Sensor

Flattened sacs of internal membranes associated with photosynthesis are called:

• Chloroplasts
• Stroma
• Cristae
• Thylakoids

In green plant photosynthesis, the electron donor for the light-dependent reaction is:

• Carbon dioxide
• Oxygen
• RuBP
• Water

Which of these molecules is NOT the product of photosynthesis?

• Oxygen
• Carbon dioxide
• Glucose
• NADP+

Light-dependent reaction involves both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. Is the statement correct?

The photosystem channels the excitation energy gathered by the absorption of light to a specific 'reaction center chlorophyll', which in turn passes the energy to:

• Photosystem I
• Photosystem II
• Primary electron acceptor
• Cytochrome

What is the final product of the Calvin cycle?

• RuBP
• PGA
• ATP
• G3P

Which of the following is mismatched?

• PGA: A three-carbon compound
• CAM plants: Stomata open during the day and closed at night to avoid photorespiration
• Chemiosmosis: ATP synthesis is coupled to electron transport
• C4 plants: Expend ATP to concentrate CO2 in bundle sheath cells to avoid photorespiration

Which of the following are the first products in the C3 and C4 pathway respectively?

• Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate; malic acid
• Malate; carbon dioxide
• 3-phosphoglycerate; oxaloacetate
• Glyeraldehyde-3-phosphate; phosphoenolpyruvate

How many molecules of NADPH and ATP are required to produce one molecule of glucose from six molecules of carbon dioxide via photosynthesis?

• 12 NADPH and 18 ATP

What molecule is produced as a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

• Water
• Oxygen
• Glucose
• ATP