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Universiti
Sains
Hormone and Phytochrome(copy)
MASPAITILLA MA
26
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# 1

pilihan

What is the primary difference between steroid and non-steroid hormones in terms of their solubility?

  • Steroid hormones are water-soluble, non-steroid hormones are lipid-soluble
  • Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, non-steroid hormones are water-soluble
  • Both types are lipid-soluble
  • Both types are water-soluble

# 2

pilihan

Which type of hormone typically requires a secondary messenger for its action?

  • Steroid hormones
  • Non-steroid hormones
  • Both types require secondary messengers
  • Neither type requires secondary messengers

# 3

pilihan

Where are the receptors for steroid hormones generally located?

  • On the cell membrane
  • In the cytoplasm or nucleus
  • In the extracellular matrix
  • Outside the organism

# 4

pilihan

What is a common example of a steroid hormone?

  • Insulin
  • Adrenaline
  • Estrogen
  • Glucagon

# 5

pilihan

What role do non-steroid hormones typically play in the body?

  • They act as enzymes
  • They regulate metabolic activities
  • They serve as structural proteins
  • They are primarily neurotransmitters

# 6

pilihan

How do steroid hormones typically affect gene expression?

  • By binding to cell surface receptors
  • By activating enzymes in the cytoplasm
  • By directly interacting with DNA
  • By inhibiting transcription factors

# 7

pilihan

Which of the following is a characteristic of non-steroid hormone action?

  • Long-lasting effects
  • Rapid response time
  • Permanent changes to DNA
  • Direct entry into the cell

# 8

pilihan

Which hormone type is more likely to have prolonged effects in the body?

  • Steroid hormones
  • Non-steroid hormones
  • Both have equal effects
  • Neither has prolonged effects

# 9

pilihan

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of non-steroid hormone action?

  • Binding to cell surface receptors
  • Activation of secondary messengers
  • Direct DNA interaction
  • Enzyme activation

# 10

pilihan

What is the primary role of the second messenger cAMP in cellular signaling?

  • To directly activate DNA transcription
  • To catalyze the breakdown of ATP
  • To relay and amplify the signal from a first messenger to target molecules inside the cell
  • To transport ions across the cell membrane

# 11

jawapan pendek

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of ATP to cAMP?

  • Adenylyl cyclase

  • adenylyl cyclase

# 12

pilihan

What is the effect of cAMP on protein kinase A (PKA)?

  • Inhibits PKA activity
  • Directly phosphorylates PKA
  • Activates PKA by binding to its regulatory subunits
  • Degrades PKA

# 13

pilihan

Which of the following hormones uses cAMP as a second messenger?

  • Insulin
  • Epinephrine
  • Thyroxine
  • Estrogen

# 14

pilihan

Which molecule is a precursor for cAMP synthesis?

  • GTP
  • ATP
  • CTP
  • GDP

# 15

pilihan

Which form of phytochrome is biologically active?

  • Pr
  • Pfr
  • Pdark
  • Pactive

# 16

pilihan

How do long-day plants respond to night length?

  • They flower when nights are long
  • They flower when nights are short
  • They do not depend on night length
  • They only flower in complete darkness

# 17

pilihan

What happens to the Pr form of phytochrome when it absorbs red light?

  • It becomes Pfr
  • It degrades
  • It stays unchanged
  • It converts to Prf

# 18

pilihan

Which type of light converts phytochrome from Pfr to Pr?

  • Blue light
  • Red light
  • Far-red light
  • Green light

# 19

pilihan

What is the significance of phytochrome in photoperiodism?

  • It controls leaf color changes
  • It regulates flowering timing
  • It influences root growth
  • It manages plant respiration

# 20

pilihan

How do short-day plants and long-day plants differ in their phytochrome-mediated flowering response?

  • Short-day plants need longer nights; long-day plants need shorter nights
  • Both need the same night length
  • Short-day plants ignore night length; long-day plants need longer nights
  • Both need continuous light
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