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Why Blue Whales Don't Get Cancer - Peto's Paradox

Tim Horton
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追加された問題 (20/ 20)
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問題 1

選択式

What is the primary mystery discussed in the video 'Why Blue Whales Don't Get Cancer - Peto's Paradox'?

  • Why large animals have longer lifespans
  • Why large animals seem immune to cancer
  • Why cells make perfect copies of themselves
  • Why small animals have more cancer

問題 2

選択式

What are the main functions of our cells as described in the video?

  • Creating energy, repairing DNA, making perfect copies
  • Sustaining metabolism, dismantling structures, perfect replication
  • Creating and dismantling structures, sustaining metabolism, making almost perfect copies
  • Creating structures, destroying cancer cells, sustaining energy

問題 3

選択式

What are proto-oncogenes?

  • Genes that prevent cancer
  • Genes that promote cancer when mutated
  • Genes that repair DNA
  • Genes that control metabolism

問題 4

選択式

What is one proposed solution to Peto's Paradox mentioned in the video?

  • Different metabolic rates
  • Increased number of tumor suppressor genes
  • Smaller cell size
  • Faster healing processes

問題 5

選択式

What are hypertumors?

  • Tumors that grow very quickly
  • Secondary tumors that attack primary tumors
  • Tumors that are resistant to chemotherapy
  • Tumors that form in small animals

問題 6

選択式

How do cancer cells trick the body to support their growth?

  • By hiding from the immune system
  • By repairing their own DNA
  • By sending signals to build new blood vessels
  • By shrinking in size

問題 7

選択式

Why do large animals like blue whales potentially have numerous tiny cancers?

  • Their cells are immune to cancer
  • Hypertumors prevent noticeable tumors
  • They have fewer cells
  • Their immune system is stronger

問題 8

選択式

What role do tumor suppressor genes play?

  • They promote cell growth
  • They repair damaged DNA
  • They prevent or repair mutations leading to cancer
  • They increase metabolism

問題 9

選択式

What is the significance of understanding how large animals resist cancer?

  • It can help develop new therapies for humans
  • It explains their long lifespans
  • It shows why they have fewer offspring
  • It reveals they have fewer cells

問題 10

選択式

What is the collective name for the complex chemical reactions in cells?

  • Metabolism
  • Pathways
  • Oncogenes
  • Tumor suppressors

問題 11

選択式

What happens when a cell's kill switches fail?

  • The cell dies immediately
  • The cell becomes a cancer cell
  • The cell repairs itself
  • The cell becomes a tumor suppressor

問題 12

選択式

Why do small animals like mice have similar cancer rates to humans despite having fewer cells?

  • They have a faster metabolism
  • They live longer
  • Their cells mutate more often
  • Cancer rates are proportional to cell number and lifespan

問題 13

選択式

What happens when cancer cells mutate further within a tumor?

  • They stop growing
  • They become benign
  • They may form hypertumors
  • They die off quickly

問題 14

選択式

What is the potential downside of having more tumor suppressor genes in large animals?

  • Faster aging
  • Increased cancer risk
  • Slower metabolism
  • Reduced immunity

問題 15

選択式

What is the relationship between cell size in different animals?

  • Larger animals have bigger cells
  • Smaller animals have bigger cells
  • Cell size is generally the same across different animals
  • Cell size varies greatly between species

問題 16

選択式

Why is cancer considered a breakdown in cooperation among cells?

  • Cancer cells work for the body's benefit
  • Cancer cells only work for their own short-term benefit
  • Cancer cells help build new structures
  • Cancer cells improve immune response

問題 17

選択式

What happens when a cell accrues enough mistakes?

  • It becomes stronger
  • It becomes a cancer cell
  • It repairs itself
  • It stops functioning

問題 18

選択式

Why might an old blue whale be filled with tiny cancers?

  • They have a stronger immune system
  • Hypertumors keep cancers small
  • Their cells don't mutate
  • They have fewer cells

問題 19

選択式

What is the main factor limiting the growth of a tumor?

  • Cell size
  • Immune response
  • Nutrient availability
  • Cell lifespan

問題 20

選択式

What discovery might help develop new cancer treatments?

  • How small animals resist cancer
  • How large animals like blue whales are resilient to cancer
  • How cells make perfect copies
  • How cancer cells repair themselves
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