Investigates the principles governing the sound systems of a particular language.

Two levels of Phonology.

It is about what you say.

It is about the way or how you say it.

It was defined as an abstract phonological unit serves as a reference model for a set of speech sounds.

Constitute a limited set of phonological segments assumed to be part of our inherent linguistic knowledge.

The one who first used the term “phoneme” in 1873 and coined the term as a substitute for the German word Sprechlaut.

Member of the famous Kazan School who regarded the phoneme as a phonetically indivisible unit in 19th century and the proponent of the Functional view of Phoneme.

Defined the term as a concrete speech sound produced by the articularly systems in 1916.

Proponent of the Psychological View of Phoneme in 1895.

The proponent of Physical Approach of Phoneme in 1918 and the British pioneer of phonetics and phonology.

This view defines the phoneme in purely phonological or functional terms and is characteristics of the Prague School of Linguistics.

This view defined phoneme as a head term of a family of speech sounds which are called “phones”.

This view defines phoneme as a mental reality as the intention of the speaker or the impression of the hearer or both.

When did Old English (OE) started and ended?

When did Present Day English (PDE) started?

When did English Pronouncing Dictionary (EPD) started?

British English has how many Phonemes?

American English has how many Phonemes?

Give me the 3 Transcription Systems.